Exploring the Link Between PCOS and Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal and metabolic disorder that presents with a range of symptoms, including fertility problems, insulin resistance, fatigue, and more. PCOS disrupts both sex hormones and endocrine hormones in women. Historically, PCOS has been primarily viewed as a condition affecting reproductive health, particularly in the context of fertility and family planning. However, emerging evidence suggests that PCOS has broader health implications, including a significant link to chronic low-grade inflammation.

Understanding Inflammation

Inflammation is the body’s natural response to fighting off pathogens or foreign substances and is essential for healing during illness. Acute inflammation, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, is a beneficial response during infections or injuries. However, when inflammation becomes chronic and persistent without an acute trigger, it can become problematic.

In the case of PCOS, research indicates that women with the condition often have elevated levels of inflammatory markers, even in the absence of an acute illness. This persistent state of inflammation can lead to various health issues, embodying the concept of “too much of a good thing.”

The quantity of inflammatory markers is crucial, but equally important is what these markers target or destroy. Sometimes, the immune system mistakenly triggers an inflammatory response against the body’s own tissues.

Inflammation isn’t limited to joints; it can affect various organs and organ systems throughout the body.

Is PCOS Linked to Inflammation?

PCOS is associated with immune system dysregulation, leading to the activation of certain inflammatory cells and an increase in inflammatory proteins. This chronic inflammation can result in oxidative stress and various other health complications, including:

Decreased Immune Response: Chronic inflammation can weaken the immune system over time.

Cardiovascular Disease: Persistent inflammation is a known risk factor for heart disease.

Decreased Fertility: Inflammation can affect the ovaries’ ability to ovulate, potentially reducing fertility.

Recent research suggests that inflammation in PCOS may have a direct impact on the ovaries. Local inflammation within the ovaries can cause developing follicles to produce more testosterone and other androgens, exacerbating the hormonal imbalances characteristic of PCOS. Additionally, abnormalities such as higher levels of ferritin and iron, which lower anti-inflammatory proteins, further disadvantage the ovaries in combating inflammation.

How Can We Decrease Inflammation?

Managing inflammation in PCOS involves a combination of dietary and lifestyle changes. Since inflammation can be influenced by what we eat, every meal presents an opportunity to make a positive impact. Key strategies include:

Blood Sugar Regulation: Maintaining stable blood sugar levels is crucial. Consuming highly processed carbohydrates and sugars can lead to blood sugar spikes, prompting the body to produce large amounts of insulin. Chronically high insulin levels contribute to inflammation and hormonal imbalances.

Balanced Diet: Incorporating adequate protein and fiber in meals helps slow the absorption of sugars and stabilize blood sugar levels. Avoiding highly processed foods and focusing on whole, nutrient-dense foods can help reduce inflammation.

Weight Management: High insulin levels can lead to weight gain, particularly in the form of adipose (fat) tissue. Adipose tissue is efficient at producing additional inflammatory markers, creating a vicious cycle of increased insulin, weight gain, and inflammation.

Role of Naturopathic Medicine

PCOS is a multifaceted condition that extends beyond reproductive health. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a significant aspect of PCOS which is impacted by the food we eat, the products we use and the stress that we experience.  

Reducing inflammation can significantly alleviate troublesome symptoms associated with PCOS. Maintaining stable blood sugar levels is foundational and consistently beneficial for managing PCOS. 

Your naturopathic doctor can guide you to manage PCOS and its associated inflammation. By conducting comprehensive blood tests to evaluate inflammatory markers and hormone levels, naturopathic doctors can offer a clearer understanding of your health status. They can also guide you through personalized lifestyle and dietary changes to help reduce inflammation and enhance overall well-being.